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District of Safad
Ethnically cleansed days ago |
العربية Google Earth |
Gallery (151) |
Statistic & Fact | Value | ||||||||||||||||
Occupation Date | May 2, 1948 | ||||||||||||||||
Distance From District | 1.5 (km) North East of Safad | ||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 700 (meters) | ||||||||||||||||
Before & After Nakba, Click Map For Details![]() |
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Map Location | See location #61 on the map View from satellite |
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Acts of Terror |
During the battle the majority of the male inhabitants fled the town, and soon after occupation the remaining 'Ayn al-Zaytun women, children, and senior citizens were rounded by the Palmah troops and then ethnically cleansed with shots fired over their heads to speed their evection from their homes. On the 3rd of May, some of the village inhabitants attempted to come back to their homes, but they were fired upon and one person was killed (Benny Morris, p. 102). |
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Exodus Cause | Military assault by Zionist troops | ||||||||||||||||
Village Temains | On May 3rd 1948, the village was mostly destroyed with the exception of few deserted house. | ||||||||||||||||
Ethnically Cleansing | 'Ayn al-Zaytun inhabitants were completely ethnically cleansed. | ||||||||||||||||
Pre-Nakba Land Ownership |
**Town Lands' Demarcation Maps |
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Land Usage As of 1945 |
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Population |
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Number of Houses |
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Near By Towns![]() |
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Nearby Wadies & Rivers | The village was situated on the western slopes of Wadi al-Dilb | ||||||||||||||||
Exculsive Jewish Colonies Who Usurped Village Lands |
No settlements on village lands | ||||||||||||||||
Featured Video | |||||||||||||||||
Village Before NakbaThe village was situated on the western slope of Wadi al-Dilb, next to the highway leading to the city of Safad. Wadi al-Dilb may have been the wadi that the Arab geographer al-Dimashqi (d. 1327) called Wadi Dulayba, which he described as lying between Mirun and Safad. He said that water gushed from a spring there for one or two hours (allowing people to collect drinking water and wash), and then abruptly retreated. [[Nukhbat, cited in D 6/2:29, fn. 1]] In fact, the village name, which was Arabic for 'spring of the olives,' did indicate that a spring of some kind was in the vicinity. In 1596, 'Ayn al-Zaytun was a village in the nahiya of Jira (liwa' of Safad) with a population of 622. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, and olives, as well as on vineyards and orchards. [[Hut. and Abd.:175]]In the late nineteenth century, visitors reported that 'Ayn al-Zaytun was a stone-built village located on top of a hill north of Safad. The village, which had an estimated population of 200 to 350, was surrounded by arable land. [[SWP (1881) I:196]] Because of its proximity to the sub-disctrict capital, 'Ayn al-Zaytun was considered a suburb of Safad. As the village grew, stone houses were built to the south, in the direction of Safad. The entire population was Muslim. 'Ayn al-Zaytun had an elementary school and a mosque. The villagers cultivated olives, grain, and fruit, especially grapes. Agriculture was dependent upon rainfall, but the villagers drew their drinking water from a well and a spring which lay 800 m due north. In 1944/45 a total of 280 dunums was allotted to cereals; 477 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards. Village Occupation and Ethnic CleaningZionist forces attacked 'Ayn al-Zaytun well before they succeeded in occupying it. The New York Times reported that early on the morning of 3 January 1948, a raiding party killed one villager and bombed four houses, and that firing continued in the neighborhood during the rest of the day. Later, as a prelude to the occupation of Safad during Operation Yiftach (see Abil al-Qamh, Safad sub-disctrict), Palmach troops approached 'Ayn al-Zaytun from the north and occupied it on 1 May 1948. [[NYT:4/1/48]]As the villagers later recalled, the bloody events in the village began at 3:00 a.m. with a barrage of mortar fire from eleven mortars, followed by a ground assault by two platoons. Villagers interviewed in 1973 said that the village men who had weapons decided on a tactical retreat, but the rest of the villagers decided not to leave their homes. When Israeli troops entered the village, the villagers were rounded up. The men among them were taken away and the rest were humiliated and expelled while shots were fired over their heads, according to the villagers' testimony and Israeli sources. As for the men, some were later expelled and enabled to join their families, but thirty-seven of them, selected at random, were taken captive. According to Israeli historian Benny Morris, they were probably among a group of seventy people later massacred in a gully between 'Ayn al-Zaytun and Safad under orders from Moshe Kelman, the commander of the Palmach's Third Battalion. Morris reports that Kelman had some difficulty in finding soldiers who were willing to carry out the killings, but eventually entrusted the task to two men. After the prisoners were killed, and in anticipation of a Red Cross visit to the area, he ordered their hands to be untied to conceal the fact that the killing had been done in cold blood. Several villagers attempted to return to their homes over the next couple of days but were fired upon by the Palmach; one of them was killed, according to Morris. As for the village houses, they were burned or blown up by Palmach sappers on 2 and 3 May. The destruction was carried out partly in order to terrify the inhabitants of Safad, who could watch the spectacle from nearby hills. The sight of the village being leveled had a demoralizing effect in the city, as well as in the surrounding villages of eastern Galilee. Zionists Colonies on Village LandsThere are no Israeli settlements on village lands.Village TodayThe rubble of destroyed stone houses is scattered throughout the site, which is otherwise overgrown with olive trees and cactuses. A few deserted houses remain, some with round arched entrances and tall windows with various arched designs. In one of the remaining houses, the smooth stone above the entrance arch is inscribed with Arabic calligraphy, a fixture of Palestinian architecture. The well and the village spring also remain.SourceDr. Walid al-Khalidi, 1992: All That Remains. |
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Related Maps | Town Lands' Demarcation Maps خرائط للقضاء توضح حدود القرى والاودية Town's map on MapQuest View from satellite Help us map this town at WikiMapia |
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Related Links | Wikipedia's Page Facebook Page Featured Article Google Search Google For Images Google For Videos |
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More Information | في كتاب كي لا ننسى في كتاب بلادنا فلسطين المزيد من موقع هوية |
Display Name | Clan/Hamolah | Country of Residence |
عبدالله غريب | - | - |
Yehya Hamid | Hamid | Denmark, Denmark |
لؤي الرفاعي | الرفاعي | Damascus, Syria |
rene | chaabi | germany |
amr ghrayyeb | - | - |
ابوايهم | الرفاعي | الامارات |
abdallah shaabi | shaabi | - |
adham | - | - |
arwa | Hameed | UAE |
الزين | فادي الزين | دمشق |
Shadi | Nablsi | sweden, sweden |
عبد الفتاح | عبد الفتاح | syria, syria |
فادي عبد الفتاح | عبد الفتاح | دمشق, سوريا |
ادهم الشعبي | - | رام الله |
gozeef | - | - |
alqds | الشعبي | حمص, سوريا |
محمد الأسعد | الشعبي | حمص, سوريا |
MID | - | Aleppo |
ahmad | حميد | UAE, فلسطيني |
jamal hasan alshaabi | الشعبي | حماة, سوريا |
عصام | حميد | حمص, سوريا |
شحاده محمود نابلس | نابلس | gنvle, sweden |
mohamed nabulsi | nabulsi | gنvle, sweden |
abo khalil | al shabi | sweden, palestina |
Iyad Al-Chabi | AL-Chabi | RIYADY, SAUDI ARABIA |
Khaldoun Hamid | Hamid | Dubai, UAE |
kaid alshabi | alshabi | alriadh, k-s-a |
hassan | alshabi | norway, norway |
HAITHAM ALSHABI | - | RIYADY, SAUDI ARABIA |
Jassin Hamid | Hamid | Germany |
Zuheir Yousif Nabulsi | Nabulsi | NE, USA |
issa hamid | - | - |
ADNAN HAMID | HAMID | NEW YORK, dutchess |
walid-hassan-alshabi | alshabi | norway, norway |
fadi | alshabi | norway, norway |
shabi | shadi walid al shabi | norway, norway |
rania ghareeb | ghrayeb | palestine, palestine |
shady laham | Laham | skane, skane |
hussam chaabi | - | denmark |
ibrahim hassoun | hasoun | homs, syria |
Khalil | Hammid | NY, U.S.A |
Mohammad Hamid | HAMID | NY, USA |
khalid hamid | Nimer/hamid | Sweden |
khader ghorayb | ghorayb | syria, syria |
abdulmonem hamid | HAMID | PARIS, FRANCE |
ahmad hamid | Hamid | Gaza, palestine |
ADNAN HAMMID | Hammid | Connecticut, USA |
RAMI | Hameed | Ash Sharqiyah, Saudi Arabia |
Mariam Hamid | - | Germany |
friend praiseworthy | - | - |
Abdelrahim | Hamid | Skane, Sweden |