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Welcome To 'Iraq al-Manshiyya - عراق المنشية (עיראק אל-מנשיה)

District of Gaza
Ethnically cleansed days ago
العربية

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Picture for 'Iraq al-Manshiyya Village - Palestine: : A RARE picture showing the people of Iraq al-Manshyya as they are being ethnically cleansed in April 1949
 Gallery (59)
Statistic & Fact Value
Occupation Date March 1, 1949
Distance From District 32 (km) North East of Gaza
Elevation 125 (meters)
Before & After Nakba, Click Map For Detailswhat's new
Pre-Nakba Map showing before and after destruction
Pre-Nakba Aerial Viewwhat's new
Pre-Nakba Aerial View
Map Location See location #34 on the map

View from satellite
Military Operation Operaion Yo'av
Attacking Units Alexandroni Brigade
Defenders Egyptian Army
Exodus Cause Expulsion by Zionist troops
Village Temains

The village was obliterated. It should be noted that Intel Corporation (the semiconductor giant) maintains & operates one of its biggest manufacturing plants outside the US (FAB 18) on a looted land. We demand restitution for the dispossessed Palestinian refugees who happens to be just few miles to the East in the slums of the Gaza Strip. Such right has been granted to these refugees base on United Nation resolution 194, which it clearly stated that the Palestinian refugees should have The Right Of Return, & the right to be compensated for any lose of properties.
Ethnically Cleansing 'Iraq al-Manshiyya inhabitants were completely ethnically cleansed. Please see the Stories & Memories section for detail account of the village cleansing.
Pre-Nakba
Land Ownership
Ethnic Group Land Ownership (Dunums)*
Arab 13,838
Jewish 3,468
Public 595
**Total 17,901
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
**Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
Land Usage
As of 1945
Land Usage Arab (Dunum)* Jewish (Dunum)*
Irrigated & Plantation 53 0
Planted W/ Cereal 13,463 3,433
Built up 169 35
Arable 13,516 3,433
Non-Arable 748 0
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Population
Year Population*
1596 61
1922 1,132
1931 1,347
1945 2,220 (210 Jewish)
1948 2,332 (210 Jewish)
Est. Refugees 1998 14,319
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Number of Houses
Year Number of Houses
1931 299
1948 517
Near By Townswhat's new
Jusayr
          ↖
Summil
↑
(N)
Zayta
↗        
al-Faluja  ←
'Iraq al-Manshiyya
→   Bayt Jibrin
            ↙
Beersheba Bedouins
↓
Beersheba Bedouins
↘           
al-Qubayba
Schools 'Iraq al-Manshiyya had an elementary school for boys which was founded in 1934, and in 1945 it had an enrollment of 201 students.
Places of Warship The village had two mosques, one was old and the other was more recent which was considered one of the most handsome among village mosques; it contained several rooms, a portico,and a courtyard.
Shrines / Maqams The village had a shrine for al-Shaykh Abroad al-'Urayni
Water Supply The village had three wells which supplied it with its water needs.
Exculsive Jewish Colonies
Who Usurped Village Lands		 Qiryat Gat and Sde Moshe
Featured Video

Village Before Nakba

The village was situated in an area of rolling hills, where the coastal plain and the foothills of the Hebron mountains merged, and was bordered on the western side by Wadi Fattala. It was on the south side of the highway between al-Faluja, to the northwest and Bayt Jibrin (an important village in the Hebron sub-disctrict), to the east. Its name, Iraq al-Manshiyya, expressed both the geography and history of the village. The first part, Iraq ('small hill' in Arabic), referred to the topography. The second part, al-Manshiyya ('the built one' in Arabic), was added by the inhabitants to distinguish it from a nearby village, also known as Iraq, from which they had moved. In 1596, Iraq al-Manshiyya was a village in the nahiya of Gaza (liwa' of Gaza), with a population of sixty-one. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat and barley, as well as on other types of produce such as goats and beehives.

In the late nineteenth century, the village of Iraq al-Manshiyya was built of adobe bricks and surrounded by arable land. The village had a radial plan, with its smaller streets branching out from the intersection of the two perpendicular main streets. The intersection of these two streets formed its center. Three wells supplied the village with water for domestic use. As the village grew, it expanded toward the highway and northeastward in the direction of Tall al-Shaykh Ahmad al-Urayni. This large mound, some 32 m high, rose to the north of the village, and on its summit was a religious shrine for Shaykh Ahmad al-Urayni.

Iraq al-Manshiyya's Arab population was Muslim. It had an old mosque and a more recent one that was considered one of the most handsome among village mosques; it contained several rooms, a portico, and a courtyard. The village also had an elementary school, founded in 1934, with an enrollment of 201 students in the mid-1940s.

The inhabitants worked primarily in agriculture, growing grain, grapes, and many varieties of trees (such as olive and almond trees). Agriculture was mostly rainfed, despite the availability of groundwater, especially along the line where the plain intersected with the nearby foothills. In 1944/45 a total of 13,449 dunums was allotted to cereals; 53 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards. Goats and sheep supplied the materials (hair and yarn) needed for rug weaving. The villagers dyed their rugs in al-Faluja, where they also went for medical treatment and other services.

The mound next to Iraq al-Manshiyya was for some years erroneously identified with the biblical (Philistine) city of Gath. However, when the site was excavated (1956–1961) no traces of a Philistine presence were found. These excavations (and later work in 1984) determined that a settlement had been established there in the fourth millennium B.C. and had been occupied until the second century B.C. The tell contains the ruins of this settlement. As is the case for many sites in Palestine, its later history continued on a new location below this tell—that is, on the site of Iraq al-Manshiyya.

Village Occupation and Ethnic Cleaning

The Giv'ati Brigade unsuccessfully attempted to occupy the village at the end of July 1948 during the second truce of the war, according to Israeli historian Benny Morris. The New York Times reported on 28 July that Israeli forces were attacking Egyptian communications and vehicle concentrations at Iraq al-Manshiyya. Two days later, a dispatch spoke of 'rather serious engagements between Hatta and Iraq el Manshiya.' Palestinian historian Aref al-Aref writes that the village was the target of 'continuous attacks' during the second truce, notably on 22 August.

A large-scale attempt was made to occupy the village when the second truce ended, at the beginning of Operation Yoav , on 16 October. This time, the Israeli army was beaten back decisively by Egyptian forces, but not before an armored column succeeded in storming the village. An Israeli spokesman quoted in the New York Times said that in forcing its way into Iraq al-Manshiyya, 'the Israeli Army shot up the village, killed a number of Egyptians and destroyed dumps and guns….' The spokesman described the attack as a 'punitive raid' and admitted losing three tanks.

A final assault was executed on 27–28 December by units of the Alexandroni Brigade, which managed to enter the village only to be driven out again by Egyptian reinforcements. At the end of the war, the village was located inside the 'Faluja pocket,' an enclave in which 3,000 Palestinian civilians and one Egyptian Brigade (one of whose officers was Egypt's future president, Gamal Abdel Nasser) were trapped. Morris says that within days of signing the Israel–Egypt armistice agreement, on 24 February 1949, Israel violated its terms by intimidating into flight the 2,000–3,000 villagers of Iraq al-Manshiyya and neighboring al-Faluja. According to the United Nations mediator, civilians in the enclave had been beaten and robbed by Israeli soldiers; cases of attempted rape were reported. Morris reports that the decision to intimidate the population into fleeing their villages was probably taken by the Israeli commander of the southern front, Yigal Allon, probably with the approval of Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion.

Zionists Colonies on Village Lands

A kibbutz named Gat was established in 1941 on lands that traditionally belonged to the village; it took over additional lands in 1949 after the expulsion of the villagers. Six years later, in 1954, Qiryat Gat was established on village lands; Sde Moshe was established in 1956 on village land east of the village site.

Village Today

A forest of eucalyptus has been planted on the site, and two signs, each in both Hebrew and English, identify it as the "Margolin Peace Forest." Only traces of the village streets remain, along with scattered cactuses. Part of the surrounding land is cultivated by Israeli farmers.

Source

Dr. Walid al-Khalidi, 1992: All That Remains.
Related Maps Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
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Bibliography and References

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