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Welcome To 'Alma - علما (עלמא)

District of Safad
Ethnically cleansed days ago

العربية

Google Earth
Picture for 'Alma Village - Palestine: : أثار من بيوت القرية 18/5/2003
Gallery (45)
Statistic & Fact Value
Occupation Date October 30, 1948
Distance From District 10 (km) North of Safad
Elevation 675 (meters)
Before & After Nakba, Click Map For Detailswhat's new
Pre-Nakba Map showing before and after destruction
Pre-Nakba Aerial Viewwhat's new
Pre-Nakba Aerial View
Map Location See location #39 on the map

View from satellite
Military Operation Operation Hiram
Exodus Cause Military assault by Zionist troops
Village Temains The village has been completely obliterated, and only house rubble left behind.
Ethnically Cleansing 'Alma inhabitants were completely ethnically cleansed.
Pre-Nakba
Land Ownership
Ethnic Group Land Ownership (Dunums)*
Arab 17,240
Jewish 0
Public 2,258
**Total 19,498
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
**Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
Land Usage
As of 1945
Land Usage Arab (Dunum)*
Irrigated & Plantation 983
Olive Groves 750
Planted W/ Cereal 7,475
Built up 147
Arable 8,458
Non-Arable 10,893
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Population
Year Population*
1596 239
19th century 250
1922 632
1931 712
1945 950
1948 1,102
Est. Refugees 1998 6,767
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Number of Houses
Year Number of Houses
1931 148
1948 229
Near By Townswhat's new
Fara
         
Saliha

(N)
al-Malikiyya
       
Rihaniya  
   Dayshum
           
Dallata

Rihaniya
           
Marus
Town's Name Through History The Crusades referred to the village by Alme.
Water Supply The village had a pool and two water tanks which provided it with its water needs.
Archeological Sites 'Alma had several nearby khribas and three inscribed architectural fragments from an ancient synagogue were found on the surface of the village
Exculsive Jewish Colonies
Who Usurped Village Lands
'Alma

Village Before Nakba

The village was situated on uneven ground in the heart of upper Galilee, about 4 km south of the Lebanese border. It was linked via secondary roads to neighboring villages. The Crusaders called this site Alme. In 1596, 'Alma was a village in the nahiya of Jira (liwa' of Safad) with a population of 239. It paid taxes on goats, beehives, a water-powered mill, and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes. [[Hut. and Abd.:177]] In the late nineteenth century, 'Alma was a village built of stone with about 250 residents. It was situated in the middle of a fertile plain that contained a few gardens. [[SWP (1881) I:196]] In modern times its land area was larger than that of most other villages in the Safad sub-disctrict. It had a pool on its eastern edge and two water tanks, one on the southern side and the other on the southwestern.

The residents of 'Alma were Muslims. They maintained a mosque for the village as well as an elementary school, which they shared with the neighboring village of al-Rihaniyya. The villagers obtained their living mainly from the land, raising livestock and growing crops, particularly grain and fruit. Their fruit orchards were concentrated on the northern and northwestern outskirts of the village. In the 1942/43 season, olive trees were grown on 750 dunums of village land, which was the largest area devoted to olives in the sub-district. The trees on 550 dunums were bearing fruit, which was processed with two horse-powered olive presses. In 1944 a total of 7,475 dunums was allocated to cereals, and 983 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards. Several ancient ruins were located near the village, and three inscribed architectural fragments from an ancient synagogue were found on the surface of the village site between 1914 and 1957. The inscriptions were in Hebrew and Aramaic.

Village Occupation and Ethnic Cleaning

Israeli units reached 'Alma in the latter stages of Operation Hiram (see 'Arab al-Samniyya, Acre sub-disctrict), on 30 October 1948, according to Israeli historian Benny Morris. He reports that the villagers had largely stayed put, despite the massacres committed by Israeli forces in Safsaf and Jish, both about 6 km southwest of 'Alma, on the previous day. Although the Israeli Minority Affairs Ministry later listed 'Alma among the villages that had surrendered during the operation and were therefore not 'punished,' Morris states that its residents were 'uprooted and expelled.' He does not give the circumstances of expulsion, but it was either carried out by units of the Seventh Brigade during the attack itself, or was implemented following an official decision taken in subsequent weeks.

Zionists Colonies on Village Lands

The settlement of 'Alma (197273) was built on village land in 1949, about 0.5 km east of the village site.

Village Today

The site is fenced in and contains the rubble of former houses, covered with thorny grasses. One truncated stone wall with a door and two windows still stands. The land is planted with fruit trees by Israeli farmers.

Source

Dr. Walid al-Khalidi, 1992: All That Remains.

Related Maps Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
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Bibliography and References

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لطفي عبد الهادي الحج Minneapolis, USA
Rachid AKEL عقل Paris, France
أبو رام شحرور - -
علاء شحرور - -
abu zeidan chahrour dubai
shahrour shahrour damascus
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samer HAJAJ louisiana, USA
auwsh sleaman Michgan, USA
Alhakem Al -Aina - California, USA
Mariam Alshaib Alshaib -
Ismail Nasreddin Merhi / إسماعيل نصرالدين مرعي مرعي Louisiana, USA
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Yasser Doaibes Doaibes United Arab Emirates
Jamal Azzam - Russia
ABED AL RAHEEM NABUSL - mass, United States
Sana Kassem - Athens, Greece
zico - abudhabia, abudhabia
said yes deutschland, germany
rashad shahrour - Tripoli
احمد شحرور شحرور المانيا, المانيا
ام مالك شحرور U S A
Ahmad Saeed Alhajj Alhajj Ontario, Canada
zerocall abbas palestine
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Dr.Hadi El Ayna El Ayna N.S.W, Australia
Kassem Ajjawi Ajjawi Kristianstad, Sweden
majed hajaj - Odense, Danmark
ahmed seif - abu dhabi, uae
SLEIMAN - ABU DHABI, UAE
Mahmoud Hajjaj Hajjaj Berlin, Germany
jalal ajjawi Ajjawi berlin, germany
D.D - Qatar
Tarek Ayna Ayna Lebanon
Tarik Seif Seif Tripoli, Lebanon
Nader - -
abogamela - lebanon, lebanon
ahmad hajaj hajaj -
Shadi Ajjawi Ajjawi Qatar, Qatar
Nisreen Hajaj Hajaj Louisiana, USA
AKA Aina california, USA
Naji EL-Haj Khalil EL-Haj Khalil Austria, Austria
ACHRAF ATIE ATIEH GERMANY
[email protected] ATIE spandau, Germany
Ziad Fares Mustafa Mustafa Germany
Mr. Happy Sleiman Khobar, Saudi Arabia
MOHAMMAD EL-AINA EL-AINA ontario, canada
ALI EL-AINA EL-AINA CANADA
SHAIMA ABDULLAH ALI SLEIMAN SLEIMAN US, US
Reem El-Khalil - Lebanon
bilal - Tripoli, Libya
Abu-Alaa Al Refaei Canada
Wahab.M.El.Hajj El-Hajj Bekaa, Lebanon
muntaha - il, Homer glen
Latifa Abdollah Ali Soleiman - cairo
Bilal Hamze' Hamze' Manama, Bahrain
Mohammed Azzam Azzam Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Kassem Elhajj Elhajj Texas, USA
Ghinwa Naboulsi Germany, Germany
said elhaj - -
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