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Welcome To 'Ayn Hawd - عين حوض (עין חוד)

District of Haifa
Ethnically cleansed days ago
العربية

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Picture for 'Ayn Hawd Village - Palestine: : The most
Gallery (308)
Statistic & Fact Value
Occupation Date July 15, 1948
Distance From District 14.5 (km) South of Haifa
Elevation 125 (meters)
Before & After Nakba, Click Map For Detailswhat's new
Pre-Nakba Map showing before and after destruction
Map Location See location #10 on the map

View from satellite
Military Operation Operation Shoter (Police)
Attacking Units A special force drawn from units of the Israeli Navy, Golani, Carmeli, and Alexandroni brigades
Defenders Local Arab militia, Arab Liberation Army volunteers, and some support from the Iraqi Army in Tulkarm
Acts of Terror Soon after occupation in September 1948, UN investigators stated that 130 villagers were unaccounted for.
Refugees' Migration Routes 'Ayn Hawd inhabitants were mostly expelled eastward to Jinin (West Bank). On the other hand, few people were allowed to stay behind.
Exodus Cause Influence of fall of, or exoduce from, neighboring town
Village Temains The village was not destroyed, and since 1954 it has been converted into an artists' colony.
Ethnically Cleansing 'Ayn Hawd inhabitants were completely ethnically cleansed.
Pre-Nakba
Land Ownership
Ethnic Group Land Ownership (Dunums)*
Arab 6,656
Jewish 0
Public 5,949
**Total 12,605
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
**Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
Land Usage
As of 1945
Land Usage Arab (Dunum)*
Irrigated & Plantation 1,503
Olive Groves 845
Planted W/ Cereal 4,422
Built up 50
Arable 5,925
Non-Arable 6,630
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Population
Year Population*
1596 44
19th century 50
1922 350
1931 459
1945 650
1948 754
Est. Refugees 1998 4,630
*Sourced from British Mandate's Village Statisitics
Number of Houses
Year Number of Houses
1931 81
1948 133
Near By Townswhat's new
al-Tira
          ↖
al-Tira
↑
(N)
al-Damun, Khirbat
↗        
'Atlit  ←
'Ayn Hawd
→   Daliyat al-Carmel
            ↙
al-Mazar
↓
Ijzim
Schools 'Ayn Hawd had an elementary school for boys, which was founded by the Ottomans in 1888.
Places of Warship One mosque now restaurant or bar
Archeological Sites 'Ayn Hawd had Khirba al Hajla, which contained the foundations of buildings, dressed stones, and rock-hewn cisterns.
Exculsive Jewish Colonies
Who Usurped Village Lands		 Nir 'Etziyon and 'En Hod
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Village Before Nakba

The village lay at the foot of a prominent hill in the middle of the western slopes of Mount Carmel, overlooking the coastal plain and the Mediterranean. It was linked to the coastal highway by a secondary road that was approximately 1 km long. The villagers believed that Ayn Hawd was established by Abu al-Hayja', a major commander under Salah aI-Din (Saladin), who died after the battle of Hittin in 1187. In 1596, Ayn Hawd was a village in the nahiya of Shafa (liwa' of Lajjun) with a population of forty-four. It paid taxes on a number of crops, including wheat and barley, as well as on other types of property, such as goats and beehives. In the late nineteenth century, Ayn Hawd was a small village situated at the end of a spur; it was inhabited by fifty people who cultivated 3 faddans (1 faddan = 100-250 dunums).

The village had a rectangular outline, with its houses spread in an east-to-west direction. In the center of the village the predominantly stone houses were clustered closely together; houses built further away from the village center were spaced further apart. As the village expanded it divided into eastern and western quarters (haras). There were a number of springs in the vicinity and also some within the village itself. Ayn Hawd also had a coffee shop and a diwan which served as a meeting place, especially in winter when the requirements of agricultural labor were at a minimum.

The residents of Ayn Hawd were Muslims and maintained a mosque in the center of the village. They also had an elementary school for boys that was founded in 1888, during the Ottoman period. They earned their living from livestock breeding and agriculture, which was based on grain and olives. Olive trees covered 845 dunums of the village lands in 1943; some of the olives harvested were processed in a manual olive press. The village was known in the region for its carob, which had a distinctive flavor and aroma and was used to make molasses. The carob trees covered a large area. Eucalyptus and pine trees were also planted on the land.

The villagers sold their produce, which included wheat, carob, and sesame, in Haifa and Acre. They also sold building stones, produced in three quarries, and whitewash. In 1944/45 a total of 4,223 dunums was allocated to cereals and 1,503 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards. The khirba of Hajla, to the southeast, contained the foundations of buildings, dressed stones, and rock-hewn cisterns.

Village Occupation and Ethnic Cleaning

A force of 150 Jews struck at Ayn Hawd and the neighboring village of Ayn Ghazal in an attack on the evening of 11 April 1948, according to the Palestinian newspaper Filastin. The attack was repulsed, as was a more serious one the following month. The villagers of Ayn Hawd remained in their village after the fall of Haifa in late April. Ayn Hawd was stormed by Israeli forces in late May 1948 after Arab snipers had allegedly halted traffic on the Tel Aviv-Haifa road. An unnamed informant told a reporter from the Associated Press that Ayn Hawd and Ayn Ghazal had been broken into on 20 May. The residents of Ayn Hawd apparently stayed put after that attack.

Ayn Hawd was probably one of a number of villages south of Haifa (including al-Tira, Kafr Lam, and al-Sarafand) that were occupied in a limited operation launched during the 'Ten Days' (the period between the two truces.) If so, it fell to Israeli forces around 15 July 1948 in an operation that was distinguished by the participation of Israeli naval forces. These assisted the land-based attackers by providing covering fire and by bombarding the villages, according to the History of the War of Independence. The inhabitants may have suffered the same fate as those of nearby al-Tira, who were expelled southwards or sent to POW camps, according to Israeli historian Benny Morris.

Zionists Colonies on Village Lands

The settlement of Nir Etziyon was established on village land in 1949. Later, in 1954, the settlement of En Hod was established on the village site itself.

Village Today

The village was not destroyed; it has been an artists' colony since 1954, and is designated as a tourist site. The village mosque has been turned into a restaurant/bar, the 'Bonanza'. The lands around the site are cultivated and surrounding forests are used as parks. Those few villagers who did not leave the country as refugees stayed nearby and built a new village, also called Ayn Hawd, which was not legally recognized by the Israeli government and hence was denied all municipal services (including water, electricity, and roads). In the 1970s the Israeli government erected a fence around this new village in order to prevent it from expanding, and in 1986 it threatened to demolish three of its houses. The 130 inhabitants of the new Ayn Hawd have built a new mosque to replace the old one. Muhammad Abu al-Hayja, the son of a leader of the old village, represents the new village in its struggle to win municipal status.

Source

Dr. Walid al-Khalidi, 1992: All That Remains.
Related Maps Town Lands' Demarcation Maps
خرائط للقضاء توضح حدود القرى والاودية
Town's map on MapQuest
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Bibliography and References

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Maya Abualhaija Abualhaija Portland, Oregon
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سامي أبو الهيجاء أبو الهيجاء Amman, Jordan
ahmad abo al-hija - -
رشا ابو الهيجاء ابو الهيجاء الاردن, الاردن
شذى ابو الهيجاء ابو الهيجاء الاردن-عمان
شوقي - الزرقاء, الزرقاء
Ali Kazem Abulhaija - Doha, Qatar
محمد شكيب ذيب أبو الهيجاء أبو الهيجاء -
غيث أبو الهيجاء - اربد, الأردن
jafra Abu Al-Haija -
nabil abualhaija palestine, ramallah
Haitham Abu Al-haija Abu Al-Haija Dubai, UAE
Mohammad Abo Al Heja Abo Al Heja Kaboul, Pleastine 1948
Hassan Abulhaija Saudia Arabia, Saudia Arabia
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Samer Abu-El-Haija Abu-El-Haija Duesseldorf, Germany
Thaer Abuelhaija Abuelhaija AB, Canada
hisham abu alhaija abu alhaija u.a.e, uae
nassr abulhaija' sharjah, UAE
Dr.Riad Abu alhaijaa Abu alhijaa DAMASCUS, SYRIA
Sireen abu alhaijaa -
Ala younis AboAlHaija Abo Al Haija Northen, Jordan
ابو ثابت - -
Dr-AboooD Abo Al Haija cairo, egypt
ahmad abu al haija'a ABU AL HAIJA'A -
Dr_CRX AboAlHaija Irbid, Jordan
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